Prolactin

General Information

Prolactin is synthesised in the anterior pituitary and secreted in episodes. The target organ for prolactin is the mammary gland, promoting development and differentiation. Prolactin levels are regulated by dopamine. High concentrations of prolactin have an inhibiting action on steroidogenesis of the ovaries and on hypophyseal gonadotrophin production and secretion. In pregnancy the concentration of prolactin rises under the influence of elevated oestrogen and progesterone. Post partum, the stimulating action of prolactin on the mammary gland leads to lactation. Hyperprolactinaemia (in men and women) is a major cause of fertility disorders.

Hyperprolactineamia can also be caused by some drugs, as shown in the table below (source: La torre and Falorni (2007). Pharmacological causes of hyperprolactinemia. Therapeutics and Clinical Risk Management, 3(5), 929-951). Additionally, stress can cause a moderate increase in prolactin levels.

Note: Only drugs with demonstrated ability to induce hyperprolactinaemia above the normal range have been included in this table.

Patient Preparation

None

Notes

All prolactin levels >700mU/L will be tested for macroprolactin, unless clinical details indicated a known cause for elevation.

Reference Range

Males: 73 - 407 mU/L

Females: 109 - 557 mU/L